Romeo and Juliet Shakespeares play Essay Example For Students

Romeo and Juliet Shakespeares play Essay A large portion of Shakespeares plays depend on either catastrophe or parody. A common Shakespearean catastrophe includes love, a breakdown of request, and a legend who must bomb because of some human confinement. The play Romeo and Juliet fulfills two of these components, yet it doesn't depict Shakespeares conventional grievous legend. In its place Shakespeare brings up how chance can control people groups lives. There are a few occurrences that can be identified with possibility, and these cases influence the plot to frame an association among Romeo and Juliet and possibility. For instance, Romeo is influenced by chance all through the play because of the accidental experiences he has with Juliet, a hireling, and Tybalt. Likewise, Mercutio is additionally a survivor of vulnerability due to the occasions that hinted at his passing. At last, possibility and timing have a hugely noteworthy effect on the passings of Romeo and Juliet. There are various irregular gatherings during the play that cause unexpected occasions to occur. For instance, Romeos first contribution with chance is the point at which a worker unintentionally stumbles over Romeo and inquires as to whether he realizes how to peruse. Romeo peruses a list of attendees for the Capulet ball. In the wake of completing the rundown, the worker out of gratefulness welcomes him to the ball on the off chance that he isn't a Montague. The worker running over Romeo was by unadulterated mishap, and if this implausible occasion had not occurred, Romeo would have always been unable to meet and begin to look all starry eyed at Juliet. Furthermore, Juliet is liable to risk in especially a similar path as Romeo. Juliets relationship with Romeo likewise comes to pass because of luck supposing that Juliets father didn't allow Paris to wed her, there would host been no purpose behind the gathering. Moreover, when Romeo meets Juliet for the subsequent time, the gathering happens because of a spontaneous trip by Romeo since he deserted his companions and happened to meander into the Capulets plantation while Juliet coincidentally was on the overhang. Much the same as with Romeo, it is conditions out of her control that bring her into the prohibited relationship. Chance not just motivations certain characters to meet, it additionally influences a portion of the characters to respond outside their ability to control. For example, when Romeo discovered Tybalt at the gathering and Tybalt says, This, by his voice, ought to be a Montague. On the off chance that Tybalt didn't realize Romeo was at the gathering, there likely would have been no showdown between them in the road the following day. Furthermore, Romeo wouldn't like to battle with Tybalt, yet Mercutio concludes himself to battle him. While Mercutio is dueling with Tybalt, Romeo endeavors to intercede, and this causes Tybalt to wound Mercutio. Despite the fact that Mercutio settled on an inappropriate decision to battle, a portion of the obligation regarding the quarrel might be set on chance on the grounds that in Romeo and Juliet’s time Verona was a reasonable measured city and unintentionally observing an associate was impossible. Regardless of whether one considers Mercutios demise as the aftereffect of setback or a cognizant choice, unmistakably their gathering emerges because of possibility. Possibility and timing assume the biggest job in choosing if Romeo and Juliet would live incredible. Monk Laurence had two opportunities to convey the message to Romeo in regards to his arrangement. The first and most functional strategy for sending the message was through Balthasar. His elective arrangement was to send the message with Friar John. Timing was a significant factor since Friar Laurence had quite recently botched his chance to send the message with Balthasar and returned to sending it with Friar John. .u1e1fa0bb403596c6e490d7965c0cf1c0 , .u1e1fa0bb403596c6e490d7965c0cf1c0 .postImageUrl , .u1e1fa0bb403596c6e490d7965c0cf1c0 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u1e1fa0bb403596c6e490d7965c0cf1c0 , .u1e1fa0bb403596c6e490d7965c0cf1c0:hover , .u1e1fa0bb403596c6e490d7965c0cf1c0:visited , .u1e1fa0bb403596c6e490d7965c0cf1c0:active { border:0!important; } .u1e1fa0bb403596c6e490d7965c0cf1c0 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u1e1fa0bb403596c6e490d7965c0cf1c0 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u1e1fa0bb403596c6e490d7965c0cf1c0:active , .u1e1fa0bb403596c6e490d7965c0cf1c0:hover { murkiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u1e1fa0bb403596c6e490d7965c0cf1c0 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1e1fa0bb403596c6e490d7965c0cf1c0 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-design: underline; } .u1e1fa0bb403596c6e490d7965c0cf1c0 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u1e1fa0bb403596c6e490d7965c0cf1c0 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enhancement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1e1fa0bb403596c6e490d7965c0cf1c0:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u1e1fa0bb403596c6e490d7965c0cf1c 0 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u1e1fa0bb403596c6e490d7965c0cf1c0-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u1e1fa0bb403596c6e490d7965c0cf1c0:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Dramatically viable EssayAs chance would have it, Friar John was secured up a denounced house in light of the plague and couldn't convey the fundamental message. After learning this Friar John states, Romeo Hath had no notification of these mishaps, and uselessly attempts to educate Romeo regarding his ploy. Subsequently, Romeo gets data from Balthasar that Juliet is apparently dead, which will prompt the disastrous rejoining of the two sweethearts in the burial place. Romeo enters Juliets burial chamber and finds Paris grieving over Juliet. Lamentably, Paris shows up before Romeo and loses his life. In the event that Paris had not been there, Romeo would have seen Juliets extraordinary arousing, and they would have fled the unpleasant quarrel that made their affection incomprehensible. Also, when Friar Laurence at last discovers Romeo, he is past the point of no return since Romeo couldn't stand to see his darling Juliet in the burial chamber and has just flushed the savage toxic substance. Monk Laurence states What heartless hour/Is blameworthy of this grievous possibility. On the off chance that the Friar had entered the burial chamber sooner, he could have trusted his plan to Romeo and no damage would have come to anybody. Besides, the minister left the burial place when he heard the call of the watch and this allowed Juliet the chance to grab Romeo’s blade. On the off chance that the errant gatekeepers had entered the burial chamber seconds sooner, they could have forestalled Juliet from ending her own life. This astounding completion alone is sufficient to recommend that the whole plot has an accentuation on possibility. Regardless of whether you have confidence in possibility or you think you control your own predetermination, the plot of Romeo and Juliet is intensely impacted by some coincidence, rather than the activities of the characters. For instance, an unskilled worker sets off a chain of occasions that comes full circle in Romeo and Juliet being pushed together by a startling connection. What's more, Mercutios passing is realized by the opportunity meeting and the contention among Romeo and Tybalt. At last, chance affects the occurrences that hinted at Romeo and Juliets significantly unexpected passings. Chance has such a significant job in Romeo and Juliet that it not just influences almost the entirety of the characters, it changes the general result of the story supposing that opportunity and timing were on the characters the play could have effectively been a satire.

How far and in what ways do you consider that Malan presents the black person viewpoint in My Traitors Heart. Essays

How far and in what ways do you consider that Malan presents the dark individual perspective in My Traitors Heart. Expositions How far and in what ways do you consider that Malan presents the dark individual perspective in My Traitors Heart. Paper How far and in what ways do you consider that Malan presents the dark individual perspective in My Traitors Heart. Paper Malan composed an alternate book to the one he set out to compose however this completed personal diary was composed on the grounds that he was scanning for an approach to live in this abnormal nation for another option, in the event that one existed, to the law of Dawid Malan. To live in this world he needs comprehend the world and in this journey he needs to comprehend the issues that his nation must persevere. The story of the Hammermans murders is told by Malan however it isn't told in his commonplace criminal writer way it is told as though it were a story. Presenting the characters, telling the peruser of their lives Dave and Jay used to smoke zol and jol, yet theyve grown out of all that. Theyre both turning thirty, both recently turned onto free endeavor. At that point once the peruser has related to them he (Malan) recounts their killings Jay is drooped against the divider, dead with twelve sledge gaps in his skull. His half exposed spouse is lying on the floor. Shed went through hours turning around in her very own pool blood, attempting futile to get up. In the area on the legal dispute there are a couple of additions, from Simon Mpungose yet the principle story is told through Rian Malan. Malan lets us know of how persuasively Simon recounts to his story yet a lot of this we can't encounter since we are not recounted to this story by Simon we are recounted what Malan recollects of the story. This persuasive discourse is in reality third hand when the peruser comes to hear it. The interpreter makes an interpretation of Simons discourse from to English. The minutes are then composed up by somebody, from what the interpreter has said and afterward Malan peruses these minutes and places them into his book. Here Malan is putting over this dark keeps an eye on perspective however he isn't generally permitting him to do it without anyone else's help This segment gave to the Hammerman is diverse to a large number of different segments in light of the fact that there are substantially more citations from Simon. These assistance us the peruser to see his perspective, to see into his brain and perhaps over this significant distance from South Africa share a portion of the feelings that Simon feels. Perhaps Malan permits Simon to more readily put his point across in light of the fact that he feels more compassion for him for the difficulties he needed to suffer as a youngster in view of the politically-sanctioned racial segregation laws. It is reasonable yet by one way or another weird of the compassion Malan finds for the Hammerman. In spite of the fact that Simon battled to live in the politically-sanctioned racial segregation state and due to ver disastrous conditions was constrained into destitution so were numerous other dark individuals in South Africa and these individuals didnt go out on a multi month killing binge, mercilessly killing people in their beds, with a sledge used to kill pigs. Malan didn't appear to feel a similar compassion toward individuals like Samuel Mope.

How to Apply Compass Test Essay Samples

How to Apply Compass Test Essay SamplesThere are many compass test essay samples on the Internet and on many college campuses. You can choose to take this and apply it to your final product. Here is a simple tutorial to help you get started.Before you even begin to take the compass test, you need to familiarize yourself with the questions. The questions come from many sources and they are some of the same types you will find in other tests. Most of the time, there is one or two questions per section. Just pay attention to what the topics are.You have several ways to do this. The simplest is to look at a list of questions from the sample. Usually, the sample is divided into different subjects, such as business, finance, literature, and so on.Once you have gone through the sample, look at each subject areas in order. After you do this, look at them all again. This will give you a good idea of what types of questions might be on your final version.Also, the Compass Test Essay Sample is meant to be somewhat objective. If you're familiar with an essay, you should be able to answer most of the questions. If you're not familiar with essay writing, you will need to work harder.The main idea of these types of essays is to make sure you have an idea of the subject matter, and then use that to outline your own essay. Generally, most of the questions involve vocabulary, grammar, and technical terms. Be sure to make sure you understand what those terms mean before writing your essay.Being familiar with these types of essays will save you a lot of time, and it will also keep you from becoming discouraged. Of course, if you have ever written an essay before, you will have no trouble. However, if you are new to writing essays, you're better off to take a compass test sample or two and practice writing for this type of test.Take the compass test essay samples and practice writing for them. If you follow this step, you will find that you have more confidence in your own writing skills, and you'll be able to get through the test without getting frustrated.

America s Greatest Challenges Today American Citizens

Amy Hernandez Professor Butaineh English 1302-42403 2 January 2016 America’s Greatest Challenges Today American citizens undeniably face some of the nation’s greatest challenges. No matter the issue, there will be consequences as a result. A great issue as voted by most Americans is believed to be the high percentage rate of unemployment. Unemployment is a distressingly bad aspect, and unfortunately it is a daily normality and struggle for most individuals. There are a plethora of reasons why unemployment is intensively high; frictional, structural and voluntary unemployment for example, serve as major purposes to the leading cause of high unemployment. Frictional unemployment occurs from the amount of time spent in finding new employment in the free market. For example, a recent university graduate may not necessarily expect to find a job of their expertise and skills right away therefore the job hunt continues. This also occurs whereas people choose to be unemployed rather than accepting the first job that comes around or are in between jobs because they have become ine ssential or simply looking for a better, beneficial career. Structural unemployment occurs due to inconsistent labor skills such as occupational immobility where learning a new skill required for a certain occupation is complicated. For example an unemployed mechanic will struggle to find an occupation in the medical industry because of the difference in occupational knowledge. Geographical immobilityShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Drug Vaccination On United States Citizens Essay1330 Words   |  6 PagesLifesaving vaccines have drastically increased longevity for United States citizens. Today, citizens live almost twice as long as they did a century ago. Lifespan is a rough indicator of a population’s overall health. This is possible because of the successful elimination of many formally lethal illnesses. 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Childrens Etiquette - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1433 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/19 Category Education Essay Type Narrative essay Level High school Tags: Childhood Essay Etiquette Essay Did you like this example? Running head: CHILDREN’S ETIQUETTE Children’s Etiquette Outline University Of Phoenix July 4, 2006 Children’s Etiquette Today we consistently talk about yesterday and how the generations are very different currently compared to the 1960’s, 1970’s, and the 1980’s. We are always wondering why when we were taught to exercise good manners why do not the children of today do the same. We look at the comparisons of the Ancient Egyptians, where they were taught to use their hands to eat. We consistently see many children acting completely rude. They may not even realize that they are being rude, because of what they have been taught. There is a tremendous increase in the number of parents enrolling their children in etiquette classes, which teach social skills and common courtesy. Psychologist John Gottman states â€Å"children who learn socially appropriate ways to solve problems and handle life’s upsets are physically healthier and more attentive, have more empathy and more friends, and perform better in school. † Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Childrens Etiquette" essay for you Create order Today’s youths ignore traditional values and embrace their own dangerously misguided codes of ethics. In 1941, Margaret Mead stated that children are victims and are facing a â€Å"moral dilemma† when entering school because they realized that their parents’ way of doing things is different. She urged teachers to help students behave by their own standards without questioning whether the children have developed their own standards of conscience yet. Jean Jacques Rousseau later stated that human beings are essentially good but are corrupted by property, agricultural, science, and commerce. In modern times, manners have eroded. Parents are emphasizing academic skills over social skills. Everyone who is in contact with children has a responsibility to teach manners, although parents are the most important teachers. Teaching manners must start early as children as young as nine might never be able to learn good manners. Parents must set a good example for their children and surround themselves with people who have similar values. All three articles where from different states. The first one was from a teacher in Canton, Ohio; the second from the University of Florida News and the third was from the Philadelphia Inquirer. The first article discussed the lack of manners from today’s young generation. How proper etiquette is viewed by the youth of today as something old school and only the old people use. At the same time, every adult is complaining about the lack of respect they receive from the younger generation. The article also discusses how many adults expect respect from children with out looking at why adults are not getting the respect. How can we expect respect and good manners from our children if we have not been there to teach them? When both parents work, teaching manners is then left to whoever is taking care of the children such as daycare providers or teachers at school. The second article discussed a new program to help the youth of today be respectful and be ready to enter the working world. The article stated that since children are spending so much time at daycares and schools if some social graces are taught children will be ready to face the working world. Some corporations are spending money to help young executives learn etiquette. It also discussed the issue of who is to blame for the young no knowing basic etiquette. Organizers of the 4-H youth educators from the University of Florida blame modern America â€Å"the maniac pace of modern America society has left many young people with no knowledge of etiquette and, frequently, no where to learn it. † On the third, article the writer interviewed adults and young people on the topic on how adults should be address by young people. In this article, it seems that young people do know how to address adults, but it seems that adults send mixed messages to the younger generation, by allowing them to use first names at any given time. I remember when I was growing up adults where called by Mr. or Mrs. no matter if it was a close family friend. The article ends by stating that young people know about titles and honorifics, and how they may or may not use them because they just do not know when and how to use them. The articles, which were researched, are based on Children’s Etiquette in today’s society. Adults and parents are having difficulty teaching manners to the youth of today. In an article written by Murray Dubin he spoke of the growing informality children have addressing their elders. The formality and casualness with addressing adults on a first named basis comes form the loss of courtesies and respect that has not been passed down from our generation today to our children of today. As writer, Lucie Prinz stated in her article (Say something they are only children) she quotes an old African saying, â€Å"It takes a village to raise a child. Our sense of community, responsibility, and our family values had declined in the past 40 to 50 years. Adults of today are afraid of repercussions of others, afraid that we may be stepping out of line with others that are not our own. However, if we not properly teach our youth to behave in public without resorting to threats and or fear of how other may perceive us, we as adults will lose all respect and a sense of community spirit, w e once were raised with. When we decide enough is enough and we need to re-teach our children to develop their proper etiquette we have to determine which tools are useful and which tools are harmful. This article explains a different approach to determine the usefulness of the specific tools. The analogies are the â€Å"hammer, pliers, screwdriver, and lastly the brain. † Each tool represents its own skill and method of use with exacting outcomes. These will help any parent to stop and think before acting upon the urge to bring out the â€Å"hammer† to correct the behavior of the child and realize the child would be much more productive if they learn to use the brain. The hammer can force whatever it is we want to drive in but it will cause damage to the object it contacts. If the parent chooses the screwdriver, they can now control the action and make fine adjustments but it too can be used to puncture or deflate causing possibly more damage. However, if the parent tries to use the brain it will enlighten and build self-discipline. It just goes to show that if we do not instill the proper morals in our children along with the right teachings that the next generation will lose the importance of right or wrong, and proper and improper teachings of etiquette. References Mind Your Manners (childrens’manners in Ancient Egypt). Cari Meister. Apple seeds 1. 6(Feb 1999): p14. Retrieved on June 28, 2006, https://find. galegroup. com, using the CWE of UOP. Reining in child hard for dan, son. (Originated form Knight-Ridder Newspapers). Rick Shefchik Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service (July 2, 1996):pp702K3992. Retrieved on June 28, 2006, https://find. galegroup. com/ovrc/print. coc , Using the CWE of UOP. Help you child develop self-esteem Offra Gerstein: Relationship Matters May 22, 2005, retrieved on June 28, 2006, https://www. santacruzsentinel. om, Using google search. Social Skills begin at young age used for a lifetime. By Victoria Steinfelt, Family Focus, Retrieved on June 28, 2006, Using https://sun. yumasun. com. Hogan, A. (May 2006) Kids without manners-or parents who don’t know the difference? Big Apple Parent. Lee, J. (2005) America’s Youth are in Moral Decline. American values. Steptoe, S. (June 7, 2004) Minding their Manners: A new breed of etiquette classes for the generation of kids raised on Bart Simpson and Britney Spears. Time. urns, Michael T. 2003) Classroom Practice: The Battle for Civilized Behaviors: Let’s Begin with Manners. Http://find. galegroup. com/itx/ retrieved 06/27/06 Dubin, Mr. Murray. (1998) With all due respect: How do Address Adults is Less than Clear. Knight Ridder Newspaper. https://find. galegroup. com/ovrc/ retrieved 06/24/06 Neriberger, A (2000) Manner Matter: Preparing Youth to enter tomorrow’s Workforce. University of Florida, News. https://news. ufl. edu/200/02/04/manners/retrieved 06/25/06 Dubin, M. â€Å"With all due respect, how to address adults is less than clear. (Oct 13, 1998) Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Retrieved June 28, 2006. https://find. galegroup. com/ovre/infomark. do Prinz, L. (Oct 1996). Adults Social Responsibility towards Children. The Atlantic Monthly Magazine. Pp44. Retrieved June23, 2006 from the Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. https://find. galeg roup. com/ovre/retrieve. do Nelsen, J. , Lott, L. , Glenn, H. S. (2000) Positive Discipline A-Z: Tools for working with (little) people. Retrieved June 26, 2006, from https://www. positivediscipline. com/articles/tools. html

The Sociat Costs and Benefits of a Fast Food Industry Essay

The Sociat Costs and Benefits of a Fast Food Industry There are many social benefits to a fast food industry. Firstly, it’s the accessibility and convenience of having the fast food restaurants – they’re located practically everywhere. The service is also fast, hence â€Å"fast food† and therefore maximizing the convenience of them to consumers. Most of the time, the products of the fast food industry are cheap, tasty and therefore have good value for the product. The existence of so many fast food restaurants also means lots of play areas for children (as there are very few playgrounds in most places, the some industries such as McDonalds have playgrounds) and also social areas to â€Å"hang out† in,†¦show more content†¦Fast food consumption often leads to obesity, diabetes and dental decay. The existence of so many of the fast food restaurants means that everywhere you see is fast food, and may lead to addictions. With so many people sick from eating fast food, the costs of health care increases, as there are state run hospitals for people who can’t afford to go to other hospitals. This increases the costs in these areas and therefore it affects the economy and tax goes up (as the hospitals rely on government funding). The fast food industry is also starting to influence schools. This brings bad influences to the children in these schools who then grow up eating only fast food (which affects their health). These industries are also trying to imprint the product into young children at young ages, e.g. by offering playgrounds in their restaurants which draw the children as there aren’t many playgrounds around, so the children grow up living around the fast food environment. The existence of the ever expanding fast food industry means more competition for local businesses which get overwhelmed by the number of fast food restaurants, also known as ‘brand bombing’, and ultimately fail. This then means no decent food around certain areas and thus less choice for consumers. As well as affecting the local community, the expansion of the fast food

Business Ethics Employment Discrimination free essay sample

EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION Don A. Darden Jr. Employment Discrimination Professor Clay May 15, 2010 In 2004 a federal judge expanded a lawsuit filed by six California women to a class action against Americas single largest employer and the world’s largest retailer, Wal-Mart. Since then, the case has mushroomed to cover 1. 6 million women Wal-Mart workers, who were employed nationwide since 1988. This by far is the largest class action in U. S. history. The article looks at two important questions: How will liability be determined? And, What can other employers learn from this? Judge Martin Jenkins indicated that Wal-Mart had failed to dispute the plaintiffs evidence that women were paid less than men in every region and in most job categories; that the salary gap widens over time even for employees hired into the same jobs; that women take longer to reach management positions; and that the higher one looks in the organization, the lower the percentage of women. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Ethics Employment Discrimination or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Other facts cited by the plaintiffs allege that two-thirds of the companys 1. 2 million U. S. orkers are women, but only one-third of all managers and only 14 percent of store managers are women. As a comparison, on average, 60 per cent of the managers in general merchandise stores are women. But although these appear to be facts, none prove that there was ever any intentional, systematic bias. However, Judge Jenkins stated that they support an inference that Wal-Mart engages in discriminatory practices, and that in itself is major. Wal-Marts defense is that the inequalities between its male and female employees have nothing to do with unlawful discrimination. What’s interesting is that typically most companies would argue that women were not interested in or at least on some level not qualified for the higher paying jobs, and that appears to be the defenses Wal-Mart has indicated it will use. It’s obvious that these women felt and even experienced some form of discrimination while working at Wal-Mart. Interestingly enough, the same team of lawyers and experts who represented the plaintiffs in this case, represented other plaintiffs in a gender discrimination class action against Home Depot, which the company eventually settled for $104. million and an agreement to make significant changes in its treatment of female employees. Like Wal-Mart, Home Depot argued that women were uninterested in and in most cases unqualified for the higher paid jobs. Talk about a strategy. The Home Depot case never went to trial because many experts were ready to submit that prejudice was the real reason for the difference in pay and positions bet ween men and women. It would appear within these types of organizations there are features of the organizational culture that allow gender stereotypes to influence job assignments, training, or promotions. Some of the investigations conducted revealed an incentive and motivational system that failed to promote or reward bias-free decision-making. These investigations also showed the existence of gender-segregated job ladders or career paths. That’s why there is such a strong effort to develop similar evidence, much of it depending on sophisticated statistical analyses, to prove gender discrimination at Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart is not the only one experiencing problems with discrimination. Home Depot, Lucky Stores, Smith Barney, and a number of other prominent employers who have chosen to settle gender discrimination lawsuits will eventually settle; this according to the prediction of many knowledgeable observers. Wal-Mart is famous for its tough stance in discrimination cases, and it remains to be seen just how long it will litigate this one. Its even possible it could choose to go to trial, if it cant get the class action declaration reversed. I discovered that although both sides prepare their evidence as if there will be a trial, very few class action cases ever go to trial. There are some lessons for employers. The most reliable way for an employer to determine its vulnerability to a class action lawsuit is to gather for itself the same statistical data that plaintiffs would use. Disparities in opportunities and outcomes may be due to lawful factors, such as differences in education. But employers need to beware of making assumptions about these differences that are unsupported by objective evidence. Employee surveys are another tool for discovering the potential risk of a class action lawsuit. Survey questions such as those that follow (when correlated to data on the respondents gender, age, and ethnicity) may uncover areas of concern. These questions in these surveys are intended to be answered on a scale of 1 to 5, from strongly agree to strongly disagree. There are those who would say that women employees do not encounter any barriers to opportunity or advancement due to their gender. Others believe that African American employees who have the same qualifications and experience are just as likely to be promoted as employees of other ethnic groups. If self-analysis uncovers indefensible disparities in opportunities and outcomes for women or any other group based on immutable characteristics, the company would need to make substantial changes in its practices and perhaps its culture changes which some organizations prefer not to make, regardless of the liability risk. On the other hand, audits and surveys can provide reassurance that the employer is fulfilling its obligation to provide equal employment opportunities and, most likely, also getting a higher level of productivity and performance from all its employees. One of the greatest tools available to employers is the ability to train their employees on discrimination through online resources for organizations. There are so many available to employers. That’s because training reduces exposure, and discrimination is a sensitive and costly problem that is becoming all too common in many workplaces. By providing discrimination prevention training to employees and managers on a regular basis, and managers reduce their organization’s exposure to this costly problem and creates a safer workplace. References Myron Curry, President and CEO of BusinessTrainingMedia. com, Copyright -2004

Never let me go book report free essay sample

Never let me go by Kazuo Ishiguro is about a group of human clones in a dystopian society raised only to become organ donors. The plot creates controversy. In the book, the clones are presented as sub-human and not permitted to be considered as equal to regular humans. Thus, it becomes acceptable for them to die a short life in order for others to live a longer one. It is here where we become aware of one theme, the poor treatment of those we believe to be beneath us in order to get ahead in the world. Another theme we can find in the book is that of conformity. We find that many times the characters seem accept their fate, without really putting up much of a struggle. They all seem to accept their fate as donors and the inevitability of their demise at 30 years old. This is especially present in today’s society, as many people would rather be seen as normal than abnormal and subsequently sticking to the status quo. We will write a custom essay sample on Never let me go book report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My favorite theme in the novel and the one I will be expanding on is the identity crisis the main characters and mostly the clones have throughout the book. This part of the novel I feel really relates to the real world and how a lot of individuals struggle to become their own person. Often looking in other places to blend into their personalities. These themes become coherent through Kathy’s eyes. As the main protagonist of the book, never actually becoming permanently attached to the situation many times only describing her observations and analysis of it. Then moving on to the next phase in her life. This theme resonates within me, since I have gone through the same identity crisis at some point of my life and often forget who I am in some circumstances. I also feel that the most part of the world has also experienced this. This does not only pertain to individuals, but can also be applied to countries as well. The main theme I’d like to discuss is the identity crisis experienced by many characters within the book. Kathys identity search is motivated by feelings of being alone in her own outlook. The sexual desires she experiences as young women upset her when she can not get validation from Ruth, another main character in the novel, that they are common. Ruth, seen as a social leader in the group, shows confidence but is in fact insecure of who she really is. Through Kathy’s eyes we perceive how Ruth often copies  her mannerism from older clones and television characters. Ruth relies much on others to define her own identity. Even Tommy, who acknowledges who he is, but has trouble believing it since he thinks others do not think the same. There are many passages in the book that implies this theme. Ruth states on page 120-121 in last paragraph, â€Å"There was something I noticed about these veteran couples at the cottages†¦ and this was how so many of their mannerisms were copied from the television†¦ the way they gestured to each other, sat together on sofas, even the way they argued and stormed out of rooms. † Even other characters notice this and try to fix the status quo. Miss Lucy, a guardian for the clones, tells them on page 80, â€Å"If you’re to live decent lives, you have to know who you are and what lies ahead of you, every one of you. † The first quote shows how people that do not know who they are and are hard press to find a way to individualize themselves may look to outside sources. The characters are in search of what makes them different from other clones and even the person they are cloned from. They hope to find a reason for their existence, much like citizens in the real world do. Countries also do this in a way. It could be by individual motivation or external influence. Smaller 3rd World Countries will try to model themselves after 1st world Countries believing they will share in the same success. This causes an identity crisis for their country. They have their own culture that separates them from the rest, but yet modeling themselves like another could alter the culture and lead to a lost in identity. This type of phenomena has happen in the past and could happen again. This topic brings up many questions in my mind. How the larger 1st world country influences the identity of a 3rd world country? I feel if the more powerful country really wanted too, they could have the 3rd world country model themselves after the 1st world. Which I think is what often happens, so they can more influence in structure of the world. How does one create their own identity is another question I would ask. If allowed to without any outside influences, what identity would a person or a country take on? I’d like to comprehend what having an identity really means.

Free Essays on Endangered Species of South America

Endangered Species of South America Endangered species are plant and animal species that are in danger of extinction, the dying off of all individuals of a species. Over 19,000 plant species and 5000 animal species around the globe are classified as endangered, and many thousands more become extinct each year before biologists can identify them (Microsoft 1). The primary cause of species extinction or endangerment are habitat destruction, commercial exploitation, damage caused by non-native plants and animals introduced into an area, and pollution (1). Of these causes, direct habitat destruction threatens the most species. A steady rate of extinction is a normal process in the course of evolution, and is called the background rate of extinction (Lampton 14). Species have slowly evolved and disappeared throughout geological time because of climate changes and the inability to adapt to survive competition and predation. Since the 1600's, however, the rate of extinction has accelerated rapidly because of human population growth and resource consumption (17). Today, most of the world's habitats are changing faster than most species can adapt to such changes through evolution, or natural selection. The current global extinction rate is estimated at about 20,000 species per year, exponentially greater than the background extinction rate (17). Many biologists believe that we are in the middle of the greatest mass extinction episode since the disappearance of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago (18). The survival of ecosystems (plant and animal communities and their physical surroundings) such as forests, coral reefs, or wetlands depend on their biodiversity or variety of plants, animals, and habitats, as well as the many interactions among these species. The removal or disappearance of one or several species may irreversibly damage the ecosystems and lead to its decline. For example, the undersea kelp forest ecosystems ... Free Essays on Endangered Species of South America Free Essays on Endangered Species of South America Endangered Species of South America Endangered species are plant and animal species that are in danger of extinction, the dying off of all individuals of a species. Over 19,000 plant species and 5000 animal species around the globe are classified as endangered, and many thousands more become extinct each year before biologists can identify them (Microsoft 1). The primary cause of species extinction or endangerment are habitat destruction, commercial exploitation, damage caused by non-native plants and animals introduced into an area, and pollution (1). Of these causes, direct habitat destruction threatens the most species. A steady rate of extinction is a normal process in the course of evolution, and is called the background rate of extinction (Lampton 14). Species have slowly evolved and disappeared throughout geological time because of climate changes and the inability to adapt to survive competition and predation. Since the 1600's, however, the rate of extinction has accelerated rapidly because of human population growth and resource consumption (17). Today, most of the world's habitats are changing faster than most species can adapt to such changes through evolution, or natural selection. The current global extinction rate is estimated at about 20,000 species per year, exponentially greater than the background extinction rate (17). Many biologists believe that we are in the middle of the greatest mass extinction episode since the disappearance of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago (18). The survival of ecosystems (plant and animal communities and their physical surroundings) such as forests, coral reefs, or wetlands depend on their biodiversity or variety of plants, animals, and habitats, as well as the many interactions among these species. The removal or disappearance of one or several species may irreversibly damage the ecosystems and lead to its decline. For example, the undersea kelp forest ecosystems ...

Strategic marketing management analysis & decisions (examination) Term Paper

Strategic marketing management analysis & decisions (examination) - Term Paper Example Initiative of the government to construct bicycle-specific routes and improves on roads further increase opportunities for more bicycle manufacturing. Seasonal changes and weather effects may discourage people from purchasing bicycles. In addition, high cost for bicycle development presents a threat to the company. Low market demand of the bicycles because of cheaper substitutes is a threat. Moreover, laws that govern some geographical areas do not allow the use of bicycles in such areas thereby posing a threat to the national industry. Difficulties in estimating safety properties of the bicycles and complexity of the application to some uses are threats to the company. The industry’s financial stability position offers a major strength to the company. Availability of skilled and quality employees of the Japan bicycle industry is strength of the company. Moreover, production of quality bicycles gives the company a good reputation thus strengthening the company. In addition, manufacture of user-friendly bicycles that are not complicated to the rider further increase the sales of bicycles. Japan bicycle industry ensures that the bicycles do not pollute the environment. The research and development department of the industry conduct excellent research on the needs of consumers and innovations that enhance manufacture of quality bicycles. *The industry does not provide safety measures to cyclists that may result in unskillful cycling in young people and accidents. The bicycles can be easily broken because of structural weakness. Moreover, competition from other manufacturers is a weakness to the company. The inability of increasing the visibility in customers presents a major weakness. The main objective of Japan national industry is to make profit by ensuring the sale of quality bicycles to the consumers. Japan industry has developed sustainable and achievable methods to help maintain their competitiveness in the market. The

Greeks and Extra Marital Sex Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Greeks and Extra Marital Sex - Essay Example Many societies believe that sexual pleasures are only realized in a committed relationship, which is governed by love. In spite of customs, sexual characteristics, age and marital status, a devoted affiliation usually include a sexual devotion. Such commitments are necessary for preserving the promise of love. Hence, violation of the promise of love may lead to legal issues, and it is an unethical act. Thesis: Although, extramarital sex is regarded as morally and legally wrong; it is also discouraged in many societies because it contributes to diverse consequences such as divorce, punishment and even death. The moral question has been a significant issue since history and immorality have never been accepted in the society basing on legal and religious grounds; thus, the thesis is worth plausible. This is because people knew to differentiate right from wrong; thus, extramarital issues have never been accepted. The spirits and God authorized the proper way of action and penalty for goi ng against the law. In other words, morality and religious issues have been virtually identical, but atheistic moral issues appeared in the late age of civilization. Aesthetic dogmatic have always charged the moral actions of human being. However, sexual behaviors whether adultery, infidelity or other immoral acts have never been illegally nor morally accepted in the society. ... The issue of moral convictions dates back to the historical background especially the ancient time of Christianity and Judaism. The sexual morality has been influenced by varied religious convictions, and the influence was quite often indirect, restrained or concealed (Carmichael123). Therefore, it is significant to cast the cursory glance of some western religion and focus of the biblical teachings about humanity sexual behaviors and moral principles in the society. For instance, the early Greeks had affirmative stance towards sexuality, but this has profoundly changed due to western influences. They viewed sex as basic life vigor, and sexual urges were acknowledged as principally good. They also understood that all their gods virtually directed them to enthusiastic and diverse sex lives. The research carried out revealed that sexual conduct is a highly regulated activity, and it has emerged as a complex web of legal regulation of impressionistic (Chamallas 777). The sex decree func tions as a value, and it underlies the vision of proper sexual behaviors. The legal regulations concerning sex arise at different occasions, but in history, sex law was identified the concern of bold belief. The strict laws and discouragement of sex basing on strong moral foundations in the Greece society enabled the society to reduce incidences of STIs and other varied consequences. For instance, the empirical study carried out indicated that Greece continues to be the remaining nation among the European countries with the least rate of STIs such as Aids. This is because cases of immoral behaviors have been highly discouraged since history up to the present. The inherent philosophical considerations and the rationality are the issue of consideration in the extra-marital sex

Research Paper Animal Experimentation Essay Example for Free

Research Paper Animal Experimentation Essay I Introduction Thesis Statement: Animal testing is a debatable issue in modern society. Some people argue that animal testing should be kept due to medical benefits and research study conveniences. However, I think animal experimentation should be banned by refuting supporters’ arguments. II Body A. Opposing argument 1 Animal experimentations are conducted for human health. Rebuttal to this argument: Animal testing can cause serious problems regarding to human health. a. The results of animal experimentation are often inconclusive and cannot be accurately applied to human. b. Animal drug testing causes a lot of dangerous side effects. B. Opposing argument 2 Animal experimentation is vital for research purposes. Rebuttal to this argument: Ethnics problems: Are humans too selfish? a. Animal testing can be extremely cruel and inhumane. b. Examples to illustrate the cruelly experiments conducted on animals. c. Animals deserve the equal rights as humans. C. Opposing argument 3 There are no effective alternatives to animal experimentation. Rebuttal to this argument: The facts of efficient non-animal methods and relevant benefits. a. Examples of successful alternative methods. b. Lists of possible technology as alternative methods. c. The benefits of non-animal methods. III Conclusion Animal Testing should be banned due to its cruelness, moral issues and the existence of effective alternative methods. Should Animal Experimentation Be Abandon? Animal Experimentation, also known as animal testing, is the use of animals to conduct experiments or do research in the laboratory. The number of animals used in experiments increased dramatically after World War II. Nowadays, animal experimentation is widely used in many areas such as medical research, behavior study, and drug tests. It is estimated that scientists in America utilize more than 15 million animals each year in their research. Also, animal research and testing is used in almost 10% of all biomedical research. (â€Å"Animal experimentation†, 2011, para.4 ) While some people insist animal experimentation is necessary for social progress due to its unique contributions to human health and scientific researches, opponents of animal research argue that it is cruel, immoral, and unnecessary. As a matter of fact, animal experimentation has been a controversy issue for a very long time. At the same time, there are an increasing number of regulations which restrict animal testing to some extent in order to protect animals’ rights. From my perspective, animal experimentation should be abandoned because of its inhuman cruelness, moral issues, and the existence of possible alternatives. The most common arguments supporting animal experimentation can be refuted and shown to be unnecessary harm to animals. There are many arguments to support animal experimentation. Supporters of animal testing assert animal experimentations are beneficial for human health and vital for research purposes. Also, supporters tend to believe that there are no effective  alternatives for animal experimentation. One of the most common opinions supporters of animal experimentation hold is that a lot of animal experimentations are conducted for human health. They assert animal testing is critical for drug development, the safety of cosmetic products, and treatment for diseases. For instance, Carl Cohen (2005), a professor of philosophy at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, argues that vaccines for diseases such as polio and malaria could not have been developed without animal testing (para.1). There is no denying that humans did benefit a lot from animal experimentations. People practice on dogs first to learn how to perform surgery successfully, test the toxicity of ingredients of shampoo on mice to ensure the safety of cosmetic products, and study the infected chimpanzees to study the virus effects. These actions seem to be reasonable. However, there are also plenty of problems of animal experimentation associated with human health are ignored by supporters. The results of animal testing are often inconclusive and cannot be accurately applied to human. â€Å"Many of the drugs approved through animal experimentation have proven dangerous to humans† (Thomas, 2008, para.3). The inner structure of human body is quite different from animals’. In fact, animal experimentation results cannot predict many common life threatening side effects of new products like drugs and cosmetics. Animal testing could be the reason that many so called â€Å"safety products† drugs which work perfectly on animals would cause so many dangerous side effects on human body. More seriously, it is possible for humans to suffer from allergic reactions, some blood disorders, skin lesions and many central nervous system effects that cannot be demonstrated by animal models (Singer, 2006). Most medications are derived from one big contradiction: Our government demands that we test all medications on animals prior to continuing to human trials, and it admits that applying animal data to humans is a leap of faith. However, animal drug testing cannot guarantee all the medications would apply to humans. Still, many human diseases go uncured. Besides human health perspective, supporters argue it is necessary to conduct research through animal experimentation. The history of animal experimentation can be traced back a very early time. The earliest references to animal testing are found in the writings of the Greeks in the 2nd and 4th centuries BCE (History of nonhuman animal research, 1984). The achievements of animal testing research cannot be ignored. For example, the Roman physician Galen dissected pigs and apes to demonstrate that veins carry blood, not air as people previously thought. In the early 1600’s English doctor William Harvey dissected numerous types of animals, including frogs and fish, to show how blood circulates the body. During the 1800s, scientists used animals to examine the role of microorganisms in causing disease (Gilland, 2002).Scientists take advantage of the animals’ biological similarity to humans to gain advanced biology and behavior knowledge. Furthermore, scientists can create controlled environments for animals (regulating their diet, temperature, and other factors) in a way that would be difficult for human research subjects. Evidence shows   the research progress benefits from animal experimentation. It cannot be denied that the animal experimentation plays a crucial role in research. However, as the scale of animal experimentations increasing drastically over years, there are more animal-rights movements and more ethics questions have come to the top. Opponents of animal experimentation consider it is unethical due to reasons such as it is cruel and inhuman, and it violates animals’ rights. Firstly, animal testing is always merciless. The condition of where animals are kept within laboratory could be poor, and animals are often exposed to harmful chemicals to see the results. In 1997, people for the Ethical Treatment of Animals filmed staff inside Huntingdon Life Sciences (HLS) in the UK. The staff was hitting puppies, shouting at them, and taking blood samples from the dogs. (â€Å"It’s A Dog’s Life,†2005). Another example is the primate experiments conducted at the University of Cambridge in 2002. The monkeys in laboratory had undergone surgery to induce a stroke, and were left alone after the procedure for 15 hours overnight. They were only given food and water for two hours a day so that researchers can better observe their reactions in different situations (Sandra, 2005). The extremely pain and suffering caused by animal testing has become a serious ethics issue. The second debatable ethics issue is regarding to animals’ rights. People have started to ask whether animals deserve the same rights as humans. According to human’s basic rights, a person may not be killed, cruelly treated, intimidated, or imprisoned for no good reason. Put another way, people should be able to live in their own needs and preferences. What about animals? Do they deserve the basic respects like humans? There is no doubt that animals experience life as humans do. Animals can feel pain and fear, and they would be desperate in difficult situations. It is true that animals do not have the same abilities as humans. They cannot speak, write or invent things, but neither can some humans. Can we deprive the rights of those humans who lack these abilities? Do we say disabled humans have no inherent value and rights? Certainly not, because their lives still has value to them. As philosopher Tom Regan (1985) has said in his argument for animal rights: we are each of us the experiencing subject of a life, a conscious creature having an individual welfare that has importance to us whatever our usefulness to others†¦ animals too must be viewed as the experiencing subjects of a life, with inherent value of their own(p.13). It is not justifiable to harm animals’ lives for the benefits of humans. Humans tend to regard themselves as the most important and valuable species on earth. However, this opinion is too self-centered and unmoral. Millions of species are all living on this planet, and they all deserve the dignity to live. Even though there is no doubt that better research progress would be gained from animal testing, we human cannot take the benefits from the misfortune of other species. We are part of this planet, and we have the obligation to protect ecological balance, not to harm it. Supporters of animal experimentation are also aware of the defects and ethical problems of animal experimentation, but they assert there are no effective alternatives to animal testing. As a matter of fact, with the development of technology, there are many more possibilities to conduct experimentations without animals. Thanks to modern technology, more and more non-animal research is being used now all over the world. For example, Pharmagene Laboratories is the first company to use only human tissues and sophisticated computer technology for the purpose of drug development and testing. People in Pharmagene use sophisticated scanning devices to analyze inner structure of human. With tools from biochemistry, analytical pharmacology, and molecular biology, Pharmagene is able to study human genes and drug effects on the proteins they make. They have made great achievements in the field of non-animal experimentation. Besides, the scientists in Pharmagene believe that the study process would be much more efficient with human tissues instead of animals’. They also state there would be lower risk associated with non-animal experimentation. (Coghlan,1996). As I pointed out before, animal testing can be inconclusive and inaccurate. Also, it is usually expensive to do experiments on animals. On the contrary, non-animal methods often take less time and cost less to conduct. Effective, affordable, and humane research methods include sophisticated in vitro, genomic, and computer-modeling techniques as well as studies of human populations, volunteers, and patients. Why do we have to conduct the cruel, immoral animal testing which cost us money and effort? People c an use these effective alternatives instead. Today, animal experimentations are still used widespread in areas of biology, behavior study, medical research, and drug testing. Although supporters of animal experimentations argue that animal testing is beneficial for human health, critical for research purposes, there are strong evidence showing that animal experimentation might not be necessary. Animal experimentation can cause a lot of dangerous side effects in drug testing. Moreover, People’s diseases cannot be accurately treated through animal experimentation. Also, there are serious moral issues associated with animal testing, and we should not take the benefits from the misfortune of other species. People need to be aware of the disadvantages of animal testing and seek for better alternatives. Non-animal methods often take less time and cost less to conduct. With the development of technology, there would be more and more effective alternatives to animal testing. Due to the various disadvantages of animal experimenta tion, we ought to abandon animal testing and focus on better solutions. I believe humans can benefit more from non-animal experimentations References Animal Experimentation.(2011). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Balls, M. Statement on the Application of the Epidermâ„ ¢ Human Skin Model for Skin Corrosivity Testing. New York, NY: Metropolitan. Cohen, C. (2001). The Animal Rights Debate. Lanham, MD: Rowman. Coghlan, A, (1996). Pioneers Cut Out Animal Testing. New Scientist, 9, 31-33. Deborah, L. (2009). Novel Multicellular Organotypic Models of Normal and Malignant Breast: Tools for Dissecting the Role of Microenvironmen in Breast Cancer Progression. Breast Cancer Research, 11, p.3. Festing, S. (2008). Animal Research—a Defense. Retrieved from http://www. Newstatesman.con/life-and-society/2008/03/animal-rights-debate. Gilland, T. (2002). Animal Experimentation: Good or Bad? London: Hodder. It’s a Dog’s Life. (2005). Small World Productions, pp. 54, 56. Laboratory Primate Advocacy Group. (1984). History of nonhuman animal Research. Boston, MA: Bedford. Regan, T. (1985). The Case for animal rights. New York: Basil Blackwell. Sandra, L.(2005). Lab monkeys in tests. The Grardian. p. R3. Singer, P. (2006). In Defense of Animals: The Second Wave. Malden, MA: Blackwell. Thomas, P.(2008). Animal Testing—Dangerous to Human Health. Retrieved From http://www.newstatesman/life-and-society/2008/animal-right

Cloning Essay -- Biology, Stem Cells, Asexual Reproduction

Abstract: The rate of using cloning is rapidly increasing. Cloning of different species is a beneficial process, but also has limitations as it can be hazardous and harmful to our society. Cloning is the process in which multiple identical copies of an entire entity are made. An example is the cloning of stem cells which provide identical replicas that can be used to help an injured human. This study compares the favourable and negative outcomes of cloning different organisms, from a scientific perspective without getting into the ethics and religious views. As well, this paper discusses whether or not cloning is considered suitable for society and under what circumstances that this pertains. Through scientific research and background knowledge, many facts are produced about the affects of cloning plants, animals and people. After weighing out both sides of this process in each circumstance, it can be concluded that the cloning of plants, animals, and humans can be beneficial, but it needs to be kept to a minimum to limit the chance of having a uniform society. Cloning of different species is a beneficial process, yet it has its limitations as it can be hazardous and harmful to society. Cloning is the process of asexual reproduction of an entire entity, in which multiple, identical genetic copies are created. According to Webster`s Online Dictionary, â€Å"cloning is the process of producing a clone†, and a clone is â€Å"a cell, cell product, or organism that is genetically identical to the unit or individual from which it was derived.† While one may take an ethical approach to determine whether or not cloning should be allowed, this study is based solely on scientific facts and evidence. Cloning can be done on plants, animals and hum... ...ning and experimenting. The benefits and problems of cloning tend to make a cycle. For example, if scientists continue to genetically clone species that help in the medicinal field, then this would cause people to live unnaturally long. The issue of extreme overcrowding would arise, and scientists would have to clone or grow more crops to provide an adequate amount of food for everyone, thus leading to more possible environmental damage. Cloning has been proven to be useful to society; however there are many risks that come with it. This process needs to be analyzed in more depth in each circumstance, to determine the long term effects, before moving forward with the use of cloning on a global scale. Cloning is a beneficial process to our society; however certain forms of human cloning are unacceptable at this time, due to our inability to predict consequences.

Case Study on Pneumonia

Case Study: Pneumonia and Pressure Ulcer Prevention in an Elderly MICU Patient June 6, 2012 Case Study: Pneumonia and Sepsis in an Elderly MICU Patient L. M. is a 75-year-old female who suffers from severe dementia and lives in a SNF. She was diagnosed with lung cancer in 2005 and as a result had a right upper and middle lobectomy. She also has a history of severe emphysema. L. M. has had several pneumonic infections and has an allergy to Pneumovax. She has a recurrent aspiration risk and received a tracheostomy and a PEG tube in January 2012. On Aril 25, 2012, L.M. was found to be increasingly fatigued, somnolent, and had shortness of breath accompanied with tachycardia as witnessed by the staff at the SNF. When she arrived at the emergency department, she was tachycardic with a heart rate in the 130-140’s and tachypnic with a respiration rate in the 30-40’s. L. M. , who normally depends on 2 liters of oxygen at home, desaturated to 88% requiring oxygen support increas ed to 4 liters. Her baseline systolic blood pressure is 100-110 and it was measured in the low 90’s in the ED. She also had an increased temperature of 38. degrees Celsius. As a result of L. M. ’s increase in temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate accompanied with pneumonia, the emergency department treated her for sepsis. Labs drawn showed an increase in white blood cells and lactic acid, as well as an increase in PC02 and a decrease in PO2. She was aggressively resuscitated with IV boluses as necessary followed by maintenance normal saline. She was also administered Vancomycin, Cefepime, Azithromycin, and Metronidazole. In addition, her chest x-ray illustrated a near complete opacification of the right lung field.She was diagnosed with sepsis secondary to pneumonia complicated by a right lower lung collapse due to mucus plugging. I assumed care of L. M. in the MICU ten days after her admission in the ED. She had been intubated and put on a mechanical ventilato r. She was put on pressure support mode at a rate of 10, PEEP of 5, Fi02 of 40%, and her tidal volumes averaged around 230. She had three bronchoscopies, however, there was still evidence of mucous plugs and L. M. was unable to clear lung secretions. Respiratory therapy attempted to decrease the pressure support on the ventilator but L.M. showed increased signs of respiratory distress. At the point that I took over care for the patient, my goals were: prevent aspiration and further spread of infection and improve ventilation and perfusion. Interventions for my patient to prevent aspirations and decrease risk of further infection included suction contaminated secretions, raise the head of the bed, and use of Chlorexidine wash. Protocol for suctioning an intubated patient in the MICU is every 4 hours or more frequently if necessary depending on the patient. L. M. ad a history of recurrent aspirations and was at risk for increased infection because she was on a ventilator. â€Å"Closu re of the glottis prevents aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions. When a patient is intubated with an endotracheal tube, the glottis remains open, leaving only the inflated cuff for protection against aspiration (Bennett, Bertrand, Penoyer, Sole & Talbert, 2011). † Therefore, routine suctioning helps to eliminate the pooling of secretions above the cuff of the endotracheal tube, where aspiration is most likely to occur.In addition, raising the head of the bed to 30-45 degrees decreases aspiration and the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia. â€Å"The single most cost-free intervention found to reduce the incidence of VAP is elevation of the HOB (Stonecypher, 2010). † Although my patient was already diagnosed with pneumonia, it was important to prevent the spread of the infection to the healthy portion of her lungs or have a recurrence of sepsis. Chlorehexidine is an antiseptic that has been proven to inhibit dental plaque formation and gingivitis.I swabbed my patie nt’s mouth with Chlorhexidine once a shift as a protocol in her plan of care. The use of an antiseptic solution helps to decrease the amount of bacteria in the oral mucosa and thus prevents the colonization of bacteria in the respiratory tract (Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 2012). Another important intervention was to maintain the head of the bed at 30-45 degrees and position L. M. ’s left lung into a dependent position to improve ventilation and perfusion. L. M. ’s O2 was decreased to 63 and her CO2 was increased to 50.According to the IHI, it is recommended to elevate the bed to 30- 45 degrees to improve ventilation. Patients that lay in the supine position have lower spontaneous tidal volumes on pressure support ventilation compared to those laying at more of an angle (Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 2012). In regards to positioning, when the least damaged portion of the lung is placed in a dependent position it receives preferential blood flow. This redistribution of blood flow helps match ventilation and perfusion, therefore, improving gas exchange (Lough, Stacy & Urden, 2010).Implementing these interventions combined with respiratory therapy, significantly improved the blood gas values for oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. â€Å"Pressure ulcers are key clinical indicators of the standard and effectiveness of care (Elliott, Fox & McKinley, 2008). † L. M. was at high risk for pressure ulcers for multiple factors such as immobility, poor nutrition, age, and health. Therefore, I used the Braden Scale as a quality indicator in order to assess the risk of pressure ulcers and also to initiate prevention.The Braden Scale assesses pressure sore risks by examining certain criteria: sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, and fiction and shear. Each category is rated on a scale of 1-4, with the exception of the friction and shear category that is rated on a scale of 1-3. There is a possible score of 23. If a patient has a higher score, they are less susceptible to development of a pressure ulcer and vice versa. In the category of sensory perception, I rated L. M. at a 2 because she only responded to painful stimuli but could not communicate discomfort with the exception of restlessness.I scored her at a 2 in the moisture criteria because she was often diaphoretic because of increased heart rate, increased respirations, and her linens had to be changed once a shift. In terms of activity, she was a 1 because she was confined to a bed both at the hospital and at the SNF she lived in. L. M. was very limited in her mobility and would only make occasional slight changes in her body position; therefore, I assessed her to be a 2. I rated her nutrition at a 2 because she weighed 84 pounds and was on tube feeding that seemed inadequate o meet her nutritional needs. In the last category, friction and shear, I gave her a 1 since she required maximum assistance in moving. She would frequently slide down in her hospital bed and required frequent repositioning. L. M. ’s cumulative score was a 10, which is considered a high risk for developing a pressure ulcer. â€Å"Prevention of pressure ulcers is a fundamental aspect of intensive care nursing, and quality improvement methods are arguably the most cost-effective and intuitive approach to addressing this potentially serious problem (Elliott, Fox & McKinley, 2008). One of the interventions I implemented in order to prevent pressure ulcers in my patient was the use of support surfaces. The use of a pressure-redistributing mattress and pillow supports under bony prominences, assist in relieving pressure that the patient’s body weight has on the skin when lying in bed for a pro-longed amount of time. If the pressure is not alleviated it can lead to impaired circulation, damage to the skin, and eventually tissue death (Gill, Reddy & Ronchon, 2006).In order to further promote patient care, it is necessary to educa te the patient, family, and/or caregivers. There are several different factors that could help to ensure a better quality of life for L. M. Consistent trach care and good oral hygiene can reduce the risk of bacteria entering the airways and causing recurrent respiratory infections. It is important for L. M. to maintain an elevation of the head of the bed to prevent aspiration and improve ventilation. Furthermore, frequent repositioning and the use of supportive devices is imperative to maintain skin integrity.It will also be crucial to monitor L. M. ’s vital signs to be able to recognize a recurrence of pneumonia or sepsis. References Bennett, M. , Bertrand, M. , Penoyer, D. A. , Sole, M. L. , & Talbert, S. (2011). Oropharyngeal secretion volume in intubated patients: The importance of oral suctioning. American Hournal of Critical Care, 20(6), 141-145. Elliott, R. , Fox, V. , & McKinley, S. (2008). Quality improvement program to reduce the prevalence of pressure ulcers in an intesive care unit. American Journal of Critical Care, 17(4), 328-334.Retrieved from http://ajcc. aacnjournals. org/content/17/4/328. full Gill, S. S. , Reddy, M. , & Ronchon, P. A. (2006). Preventing pressure ulcers: A systematic review. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 296(8), Retrieved from http://jama. jamanetwork. com/article. aspx? volume=296&issue=8&page=974 Institute for Healthcare Improvement. (2012). Ihi ventilator bundle: Daily oral care with chlorhexidine. Institute for Healthcare Improvement, Retrieved from http://www. ihi. org/knowledge/Pages/Changes/DailyOralCarewithChlorhexidine. spx Institute for Healthcare Improvement. (2012). Ihi ventilator bundle: Elevation of the head of the bed. Institute for Healthcare Improvement, Retrieved from http://www. ihi. org/knowledge/Pages/Changes/ElevationoftheHeadoftheBed. aspx Lough, M. E. , Stacy, K. M. , & Urden, L. D. (2010). Critical care nursing. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier. Stonecypher, K. (2010). Ventilato r-associated pneumonia: The importance of oral care in intubated adults. Crtitical Care Nursing Quarterly, 33(4), 339-347.

The Devil And Evil s Influence On The Scarlet Letter

Jaren Jackson Mr. Martin 17 September 2014 The Devil and Evil’s Influence in the Scarlet Letter In the Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne makes many references to the devil and evil’s influence on major characters and on the people in the town. The major characters change the way they act towards one another, and are physically and mentally affected negatively. The evil influence not only affects how the people in the town act towards each other but if affects how different people view the scarlet letter that Hester wears. Hawthorne also tries to convince the reader that Pearl’s existence is evil, but good things can come from evil as well as bad. By describing these instances Hawthorne drives the point that the devil and evil overtime are prominent themes and shape the plot. Throughout the story Roger Chillingworth slowly transforms and is comparable to the devil. There are phases to this transformation. The fact we learn Chillingworth trapped Hester in a marriage that she did not want be in shows that his evil transformation starts when we are first introduced to him. Later in this next phase, he uses his hatred and devotion to bring pain on Dimmesdale for seven years. Over the seven years, Chillingworth devotes his time to torment Dimmesdale with no remorse or compassion. While Dimmesdale and Hester had committed a high sin in Puritan life, Chillingworth’s conduct proves to be the greater evil. Hester and the â€Å"A† transition in the opposite direction. She was branded aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Scarlet Letter 972 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of The Black Man In The Scarlet Letter Symbolism is the practice of representing things by symbols, or of investing things with a symbolic meaning or character. In the novel â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, symbolism is the main feature of the story. Symbolism is used throughout the novel to describe every object in the story from the characters to the rosebush to the scarlet letter itself. One of the major symbols in â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† is the black man, who can not only beRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter 1777 Words   |  8 PagesSatanic Influences in Literature The darkest evils of the world have always hidden in the shadows of the human mind†¦ Life was a struggle between Satan and God – good and evil, or at least that is what the Puritans believed. Believing this made them very aware of supernatural forces in their everyday life. A man who wrote about this in his famous novels is Nathaniel Hawthorne. He came from a family of Puritans; therefore, he was well associated with that lifestyle. 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Scott Fitzgerald1302 Words   |  6 Pagesintrinsically compassionate and inclined to help those in need, others argue that people instinctively prioritize their own individual security over other people’s welfares. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s literary works, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and The Scarlett Letter, as well as F. Scott Fitzgerald’s renowned novel, The Great Gatsby, all reference the idea that people impulsively pursue perfection, as determined by their community’s values. While different communities establish different standards for perfectionRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 2029 Words   |   9 PagesThe Evolution of the A in The Scarlet Letter â€Å"So, in the course of the novel, the ‘A’ seems to encompass the entire range of human beingness, from the earthly and passionate ‘adulteress’ to the pure and spiritual ‘angel,’ taking into account everything in between,† begins Claudia Durst Johnson (128). Many believe the A in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter possesses only one meaning - adulterer; however, Hawthorne imbues the symbolic letter with diverse definitions. In the novel, HawthorneRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1496 Words   |  6 Pageseverybody sins everyday. The early Puritans of the 16th century were strong believers in everyday sin and writers showed the Puritan way of life in their books, many of which are considered classics. Three characters in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter—Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Pearl—all represent a sin that is revealed through their actions or the actions of othe rs. Hester Prynne’s sin of adultery is revealed to all at the beginning of the novel. Because her sin is revealed, sheRead MoreEnglish 2211 Xtiaa1200 Words   |  5 Pagesabout her audience? In Anne Bradstreet’s Poem â€Å"The Prologue† The author is speaking out against the Puritans views on women and the roles they play in society at that time. In this era women were viewed as second class citizens. Women had no public influence the only time they could speak in public was to read the scriptures in church. In the following sentence â€Å"I am obnoxious to each carping tongue† the female author is saying that she ignores the negative and scornful remarks she hears from men concerningRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1896 Words   |  8 PagesIn a surface examination of the work of Nathaniel Hawthorne, it is quickly evident that no good things come from the wilderness. Therein, the wilderness is often associated with the savages and the devil. In his work The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne finds herself exiled by society for having an adulterous affair with the town reverend which brought forth the child known as Pearl. 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